Attitudes Toward Teaching Disabled Students in Inclusive...

Purpose and Hypotheses of the Study The purpose of the study by DeSimone Parmar (2006) was to scrutinize the beliefs and knowledge of general education teachers of mathematics at the middle school level concerning teaching learning disabled students in inclusive classes. The study explored the following four questions: 1. What are the generally held beliefs of general education teachers of mathematics in the middle school toward including learning disabled students in the general education classroom? 2. What knowledge base does the general education teachers of mathematics in the middle school have about the learning needs of learning disabled students who are in their class and their skill at adapting instruction? 3. What is the†¦show more content†¦Part II of the questionnaire contained 14 items and used a Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, strongly disagree) to measure beliefs held by the participants pertaining to inclusive mathematics classes, students with a learning disability, and any preparation received about teaching an inclusion class. Part III of the questionnaire had two parts and used a 4-point (very comfortable, quite comfortable, somewhat comfortable, not comfortable) Likert scale to determine the participants’ level of comfort to (a) accommodate or modify their mathematics instruction for students with different abilities (11 items), and (b) modify their instruction for students with different abilities in specific topics related to the mathematics curriculum used in the middle schools (17 items). After taking the questionnaire, the participants were asked if they would participate in a phone interview ((DeSimone Pamar, 2006). The vali dity of the questionnaire was established by a panel of 3 researchers with experience teaching mathematics. In addition, a pilot study was conducted by 27 teachers in local middle schools(DeSimone Pamar, 2006). A sample of 26 was chosen from the 42 participants who had volunteered for the phone interview. The interview sample appeared to be a good representation of the 228 participants whoShow MoreRelatedInclussive Teaching Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Problem background Many children face big challenges because of the inclusive education, with a greater number from poorer countries failing to attend schools while the others from rich countries attending classes but ends up leaving unworthy qualifications (Ainscow, 2). Disabled students have the right to good education and feel free to interact with others in classrooms which help them to get rid of loneliness and therefore reducing the stresses. Research question From the researchRead MoreThe Meaning And Aims Of Inclusive Education2597 Words   |  11 PagesThe meaning and aims of inclusive education: There are many interpretations of the concept of inclusive education. Each definition may reflect the background of the individual defining the term. Hence, definitions may have political, psychological, or educational connotations. Regarding the latter field, Zoniou, Sider, and Vlachou gave the following definition: â€Å"Inclusion and inclusive education are concerned with the quest for quality, social justice, participation and the removal of all forms ofRead MoreCommon Core State Standards Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe Common Core State Standards (CCSS) identify expectations of what the students will be able to achieve by the end of the school year. The standards provide teachers and curriculum developers the opportunity to use their best findings and available tools to meet these ends (California Department of Education, 2013). The reader needs to understand that the teaching principles implemented by individuals who received extensive  training in college-based teacher training programs in order to understandRead More Benefits of Inclusion for Students with Learning Disabilities1766 Words   |  8 PagesBenefits of Inclusion for Students with Learning Disabilities There are many benefits for learning disabled students when placed in an inclusive classroom. Research has shown that students with learning disabilities can be supported in a general education classroom setting for the entire day with academic achievement as high as or higher than those in a separate setting (McLeskey Waldron, 1998). There are many positive benefits which include improved social skills, stronger peer relationshipsRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Inclusion For Students With Learning Disabilities2757 Words   |  12 Pages The positive and negative effects of inclusion for students with learning disabilities Traci J. Alexander FND 510 National Louis University Introduction Social inclusion is understood as a process by which efforts are made to ensure equal opportunities for all, regardless of their background, so that they can achieve their full potential in life. It is a multi-dimensional process aimed at creating conditions which enable full and active participation of every member of theRead MoreEssay on All Students Deserve an Equal Opportunity Education2912 Words   |  12 Pagesneeds of students with a disability is the Students with Disabilities Policy – TAFE NSW . The selected policy seeks to ensure that the needs of students with disabilities are met in all aspects of vocational education, training and services offered by the NSW TAFE Commission, and that all students have equal education opportunities in the least intrusive and most advantageous learning environments. The selected policy specifically seeks to address the provision of services available to students withRead More Pros and Cons of Inclusion Essay1356 Words   |  6 P agesPros and Cons of Inclusion Inclusion mainstreams physically, mentally, and multiply disabled children into regular classrooms. In the fifties and sixties, disabled children were not allowed in regular classrooms. In 1975 Congress passed the Education of all Handicapped Students Act, now called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). IDEA mandates that all children, regardless of disability, had the right to free, appropriate education in the least restrictive environment.Read MoreMainstreaming Vs. Inclusion: The Best Possible Outcome.1343 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion is if mainstreaming students with disabilities or having special classrooms to meet their needs enhances their learning experience. The traditional classroom environment for children with special needs is to be in their own classrooms with specific teachers who are trained to accommodate their needs. These classrooms have an individualized curriculum and environment to maximize their learning potential. The primary goal of schoo l is to maximize learning for all students. While socialization isRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind8655 Words   |  35 Pagesto ensure that all students, regardless of disability label, would meet state mandated academic goals by the 2013-2014 school year. The law was a collaborative effort between both political parties on Capitol Hill, as well as key stakeholders in the civil rights and business groups. The aim of NCLB was to â€Å"advance American competitiveness and close the achievement gap between poor and minority students and their more advantaged peers† (Klein, 2015). NCLB required that each student population, whichRead MoreBhut An Inclusive Educative System2450 Words   |  10 Pagesaffiliation to an inclusive educative system, the explanation of what the country lacks in terms of an inclusive education, the challenges the country faces, how the country would benefit from having an inclusive educative system, where and how the country stands on an international level in terms of inclusion and recommendations to improve the approach towards an inclusive education in Bhutan. 1. Introduction: 1.a) What is Inclusive Education? A setting of an inclusive education would

The Value Of Faith And Religion - 1479 Words

Shayndel Saldana Mr. Woods English II February 10, 2017 The Value of Faith and Religion We often take advantage of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution that states that we have the right to practice any religion we desire. It is a civil right many people do not appreciate nearly enough. We do not realize that people in other countries do not have this privilege. In other countries, innocent people are being persecuted, killed, and tortured because of their religion and their religious practices. The most notable is the genocide of Jews during World War II. Many Jews were killed by Nazis and many more died in the concentration camps due to the harsh and cruel conditions they were forced to endure. Unfortunately,†¦show more content†¦Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never† (32). Many people believe that religious persecution/discrimination came to a halt after World War II, but it continues up to today. Discrimination of people because of their religiou s choices is still very common. A Jewish man named Issac Weiss was discriminated by other extremely religious Jews in his community, simply because he did not strictly adhere to the laws of the Orthodox Jews in his community. Religious persecution, unfortunately, has also increased in the past few years. According to a recent study, countries such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Indonesia, and other countries in the Middle East have very high and strict limitations on religious freedom. â€Å"There are all sorts of violent persecutions taking place today, and I would probably rate the massacre of Shiite Muslims in Pakistan and Iraq, along with the massacre of everyday Muslims and Christians in northern Nigeria, at least as high as persecution of Christians in various places† (Barlow). Ethnic and race persecution is also a very serious problem in many countries. In the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, it states that we have the right to practice any religion or to no t practice any religion at all. We often take advantage of this amendment. A recent study showed that by the year 2012, religious persecution andShow MoreRelatedReligions : Commons Goals Vs. Pretend Pluralism Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesReligions: Commons Goals vs â€Å"Pretend Pluralism† Religion is a universal term that is widely used for a human’s belief system. The views on how religions compare to one another can be defined differently. One view explains religions using a united belief system by their common goals. Another view explains that different religions are just a shared essence and have vast differences between their specific traditions and customs. This shared essence, but vastly different theory, is explained by StephenRead MoreReflection On And Comparison Of Religions1598 Words   |  7 PagesReflection on and Comparison of Religions I identify as a Catholic whose Portuguese upbringing prominently influenced my religious background. My cultural values and faith are so intertwined that I view both elements as one aspect of my identity rather than two separate entities. While introducing my religious viewpoint in class, I felt this wave of vulnerability and shame that I may have been perceived as agreeing with everything Catholicism stands for, which is certainly not the case. I felt misunderstoodRead MoreDoes Religion Affect Our Lives?1185 Words   |  5 PagesNowadays mixed marriages become very popular and partners in such marriages are very happy and satisfied with their choice. But is this really true? Religion can play a vital role in the way people relate to each other, particularly with interpersonal dynamics within a family. Until recent decades, the idea of a marrying outside the faith was practically unheard of, if not taboo. Such weddings took place in private ceremonies, not in a church sanctuary in front of hundreds of friends and familyRead MoreThe Existence Of God And Religion868 Words   |  4 Pagesthought about faith. According to dictionaries, the word faith has two distinct definitions. First, it is defined in the American Heritage Dictionary as being confident or having an unquestioning belief in the truth, value, or trustworthiness of a person, idea, or thing (American Heritage Dictionary). Likewise, faith is defined in the Oxford Dictionaries as a strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual apprehension rather than proof (Oxford Dictionaries). Faith is eitherRead MoreFaith, Family, And Religious Freedom1176 Words   |  5 PagesTh e family is fading. Religion is falling. Faith is failing. The first right in the First Amendment, the right to the free practice of religion, is being viciously attacked by the citizens of America. The traditional family—an ideal so simple and fundamental that, twenty years ago, any alteration to it would be unfathomable—is now being challenged. Times are changing; society is changing. Among others, Elder Jeffrey R. Holland addresses this change in his speech, â€Å"Faith, Family, and Religious FreedomRead MoreIdentity by Religion786 Words   |  4 PagesBrianna Lopez 7 March 2013 Identity by Religion Religion is a worldwide practice that has taken a huge part in all human cultures. One of the earliest recollections of religion came from the Ancient Egyptian that believed in Polytheistic Religion, which praised a variety of gods. Another religion that has been with us since the times of the bible is the Judaism belief. A variety of other religions have formed since then, but not all religions believe in a god. If there is one thing we have inRead MoreArt Commission Statement1333 Words   |  6 Pagesappropriate being placed at that location. This commission statement will discuss our belief of how the Ten Commandments statue reflects the Jewish and Christian concept of humanitys relationship to nature and to the world and God. It will also discuss the value of commissioning the Ten Commandments statue for the lobby, how the Ten Commandments statue will enhance the intellectual and physical environments, and how the Ten Commandments statue represents some aspect of the new Christ ian and Jewish InterfaithRead MoreCall to Renewal Address: Barack Obama1246 Words   |  5 PagesIn his 2006 â€Å"Call to Renewal Address†, Barack Obama gives his thoughts on the role of religion in democracy through a response to earlier accusations of his un-Christianness during his 2004 Senate race against Alan Keyes. He addresses both his accuser, who suggested that Obamas views disrespect his faith as a Christian, and his liberal supporters, who urged him to ignore these statements because â€Å"a literalist reading of the Bible was folly† (2). In his speech, Obama recommends a middle ground betweenRead MoreReligion Is Not As Straight Forward As Many People1169 Words   |  5 PagesFrom my studying of religion, I have come to understand that religion itself is not as straight forward as many people, including myself, tend to believe it is. Religion has such complexity that it is extremely difficult to define it in just a few words. This difficulty of finding a clear definition of what religion is seen when limitations are drawn about what religion involves and other activities such as a worship of chocolate then becomes a religion due to the fact that it could possible holdRead MoreThe Nature of Faith Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesview on this topic, one has to first establish what faith means at a personal level in order to indentify how it serves as a basis for knowledge in religion and natural sciences. Faith is regarded in various ways; commonly as reliability on someone/thing, religion, beliefs, and others. An English dictionary generalizes faith is a â€Å"strong or unshakeable belief in something, especially without proof or evidence† . Essentially, in this context, faith is the solid unconditional belief of something with

Glove Speech Outline Essay example - 658 Words

Angle: The proper way to break in a baseball glove Purpose: To inform people on the proper way to break in a baseball glove. Thesis: Proper breaking-in not only gives you a great product, it actually can extend the life of the glove. Today I’d like to share with you the proper way to break in a glove. Organizational Pattern: chronological order Introduction 1. Attention getter: All good things take time. 2. Thesis statement: Proper breaking-in not only gives you a great product, it actually can extend the life of the glove. Today I’d like to share with you the proper way to break in a glove. 3. Reason to listen: You may need to break in a baseball glove someday for yourself, a sibling or even child. 4. Preview of†¦show more content†¦III. After your glove has dried, now you should play catch with the glove . A. Remove bootlace from the glove B. Remove the ball from the pocket of glove C. If you are by yourself, simply throw the ball into the glove with as much force as possible. D. If you have a partner, play catch with them. Transition: Your job isn’t done yet though. IV. After you have played catch with the glove, now you must store it properly A. Reapply a light layer of conditioner and rub it over the entire glove B. Pay special attention to inside palm of glove C. Place baseball back into pocket of glove D. Rewrap the bootlace around the glove E. If you are preparing for winter storage, place glove in a plastic bag to keep from dust Conclusion I. The process of breaking in a glove is never really done. II. You must constantly balance the glove being conditioned and the glove wanting to dry out because of use and the elements. III. The steps above can be shortened and don’t have to be done as regularly IV. It’s important to know the steps to breaking in a glove in case for a sibling or child. V. It’s important to know these steps because while the process is a long one, the effects of improper care can be irreversible. Work Cited: Break in YourShow MoreRelatedDemo Speech Tie Dye Essay600 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿BreAncia Owens Ms. Childs Tie Dye Demonstration Speech Outline Intro to Speech 10/26/13 Purpose: to inform Specific purpose: to inform my audience on how to tie dye their own clothing How to be Bold and Vibrant! Creating Your own Tie Dye Fashion I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: A form of fashion that strikes originality from the 50’s! It’s Fun! Loud, and Vibrant! It stands out the most, the ALMIGHTY and WILD, Tie DyeRead MoreInformative Speech On Softball915 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline: The Invention of Softball I. Introduction A. Attention Material: What do you think would be happening on Thanksgiving Day in 1887? Most of you are probably thinking; eating turkey, having family over, or already thinking about Christmas. Well George Hancock had a different agenda. He created the game of softball on that cold November day. B. 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Central Idea Statement: To persuade to my audience, that we as tax payers should fund NASA. By first, discussingRead MoreA Brief Note On The Urban Intelligence And The City s Operating System1143 Words   |  5 Pagesthe city s operating system? Commonly the urban interface is believe as a screen. A 2011 report by the Institute for the Future predicted displays â€Å"embedded in buildings, kiosks and furnishings,† delivering â€Å"‘supercharged’ interactions that combine speech and gestural inputs with immersive, high-definition graphics,† while â€Å"ambient interfaces, which boil down complex streams of data to one or two simple indicators, will lurk in the background of everyday urban life, quietly signalling in our peripheryRead MoreFeminism In To Kill A Mockingbird754 Words   |  2 Pagesthe weather condition, only dresses, skirts, hats, and gloves were accepted. Even with all these rules posture was the most important of all, so rough housing was not tolerated. 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Sudden Death In Epilepsy Researchers Finger Possible Cause by Article

Essays on Sudden Death In Epilepsy: Researchers Finger Possible Cause by Couzin-Frankel Article The paper "Sudden Death In Epilepsy: Researchers Finger Possible Cause by Couzin-Frankel" is a good example of an article on medical science. Couzin-Frankel authored the article titled â€Å"Sudden Death In Epilepsy: Researchers Finger Possible Cause† and in this article, the author talks about research that helped in identifying the shutting down of the brain stem can cause death amongst patients experiencing epilepsy. For years physicians have no idea what were the causes of sudden death amongst patients experiencing epilepsy. Sudden death is most common amongst patients who experience seizures which are quite severe in nature. The author states that it has been estimated that more than 3000 individuals who are patients of epilepsy are experiencing sudden death. The author has even reported previous studies that have identified that a patient who experiences sudden death even experienced the collapse of their entire cardiorespiratory system and their brain functionality even was found to be stopped. The authors state that the researchers were not convinced with the idea that the collapse of the cardiorespiratory system caused sudden death and there must be something else that was causing the failure of the system. In order to find the connection, researchers performed an experiment in which mice went through mutations of the potassium ion channel gene as well as mutations in the sodium ion channel gene and these mice were induced with seizures. The outcome of this experiment was that mice experienced depolarization of the region called brain stem and it damaged one of the most important brain tissues that were in control of the smooth functioning of breath as well as heart and this caused sudden death.

Impact On Liquidators Pursuing Insolvent †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Impact On Liquidators Pursuing Insolvent? Answer: Introduction The directors of the company have being given the responsibility to work on behalf of the shareholders and run the affairs of the company to the best of manner. This responsibility has been given to the directors through different provisions of the governing act, i.e., the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth). This act is applicable upon all of the companies, who have their business or operate out of Australia, unless specifically exempted (Baxt, 2007). Amongst the different duties of the directors is the duty to prevent insolvent trading. However, this does not mean that the directors have to stop taking the risky decision, just because a risk element is present, for the fear of breach of provisions of this act. They can make a sound business decision, provided it is sound. In other words, such a decision has to be taken after careful analysis and observation of the present facts (Paolini, 2014). Hall v Poolman (2007) NSWSC 1330 gives an excellent explanation of the use of insolvency provis ions and the defence presented through the Corporations Act (Morrison, 2010). This discussion presents an analysis of this case, where the issues and rules of the case have been separately broken down and have been applied to the facts of the case. Background of the Case A winery and a vineyard were owned by Reynolds Group of companies near New South Waless Orange. The group entered into a voluntary administration in August 2003 and afterwards, in November 2003, went into voluntary liquidation. When the group entered into liquidation, the secured creditors collectively owed around $30 million and the unsecured creditors stood at $99 million where there were no assets and even the funds on hand were limited. The fund pool was so less that the funds were insufficient in covering the costs of the initial voluntary administration. Consequently, there were very less chances that a dividend could be paid to the creditors and also, the funds were not available to pay the costs of the liquidator. The directors of the company, during October 2002 to August 2003 were the defendants Peter Poolman and Malcolm Irving (Trickey, 2016). After the further investigation was conducted into the group, the liquidators applied to pursue the directors of the group. And so, the liquidators went ahead with the examination of the directors and the proceeding liquidation based on the liquidation funding agreement. Even after the steps were taken to initiate the proceedings against the directors of the group in the Supreme Court of New South Wales, it remained a highly unlikely prospective particularly for the outcome for the directors being a success, and it was also unlikely that the creditors would receive a dividend; further, even if a dividend was available, it would be minimalistic. And so, any fund which was recovered pursuant to liquidation would go mostly towards the fees of the liquidator (Trickey, 2016). The key issue which was examined under this case was the liability for the decisions which were made when the business was facing financial hardships, involving the insolvent trading of the directors and exercising discretion in relieving the director from the liabilities arising from insolvent trading (Lewis, 2010). The companies are given the status of separate legal entity in Australia and each company has their own rights and own liabilities (Latimer, 2012). This has been upheld in a number of cases, for instance Walker v Wimborne [1976] HCA 7 and Industrial Equity Ltd v Blackburn [1977] HCA 59; (1977) 137 CLR 567 where it was stated that in case of group companies, there is no justification for summing up the liabilities of the group companies as every company is a separate legal entity (Austlii, 2007). Section 588G of the Corporations Act, 2001 is a key section covering the duties of the directors. As per this section, it is the duty of the director to prevent the insolvent trading by the company (References Armstrong Lawyers, 2007). The section becomes applicable when the company incurs a debt at such time when the individual was a director; where the company was insolvent at that particular period of time or became insolvent as a result of incurring such debt; and there were reasonable grounds for doubting the solvency of the company or would become insolvent. In case the director fails in preventing the company from incurring such debt, where the individual was aware or had the grounds to suspect the solvency of the company and where a prudent individual would be aware of such condition having similar position in the company, section 588G(1) is deemed to be breached on the basis of this subsection (2). And this breach invites civil penalties based on section 1317E(1). Even crimi nal liabilities are attracted for breach of subsection (1), pursuant to subsection (3) which states that when the company incurs a debt when it was insolvent and where the director suspected of this condition of the company and still lets the company incur the debts, where the failure to prevent the company from incurring the debt was dishonest, criminal liability has to be attached (WIPO, 2015). Section 1317E contains the civil penalty provisions as per which the court has the power of making a declaration of contravention where they are satisfied that the civil provisions have been contravened. When such happens, the ASIC can apply for pecuniary penalties as per section 11317G or can apply for disqualification of the director based on section 206C of the Corporations Act (ICNL, 2017). A defence from section 588G can be found in section 588H which provides that where the director can show that at the time of incurring the debt, they had reasonable grounds to believe that the company was solvent at that point of time or that it would remain solvent even after incurring the debt. It has to be established that there were reasonable grounds to believe that a rationale or competent person was responsible for providing the director with the adequate information which depicted the solvency of the company and that this other person had the full responsibility of such information. It also has to be shown that reliance was made on such information by the director (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). Section 588M of this act provides that the provisions regarding the recovery of compensation for the losses born out of insolvent trading. This section is application only when the debt is incurred after contravening section 588G and where the person to whom the debt was owed bore a damage or loss, where the debt was partly or wholly unsecured and the company was being wound up (Austlii, 2017). Section 1317S provides the provision regarding relief from liability for the breach of civil penalty provisions. As per this section, where a proceeding is brought against an eligible person and it appears to the court that the person may have breached the civil penalty provisions, though the person acted in an honest manner and based on the circumstances present, the person should be fairly excused from thee particular breach, than the court could relieve such person in partly or wholly from the liability which would otherwise have been applied as a result of the contravention undertaken (Austlii, 2017). Section 1318 of this act provides the provisions regarding the power to grant relief (BRI Ferrier, 2015). As per this section, where the civil proceedings are brought against an individual for breach of duty in any capacity, or for negligence, and it appears before the court that the person had acted in an honest manner and that based on the circumstances present, the person should be excused from such breach on the terms as are deemed fit by the court (Wong, 2009). Application In this case, Peter Poolman and Malcolm Irving were the directors of the case and they owed a duty under section 588G of Corporations Act, to protect the company from insolvent trading. The main issue which has to be analysed on the basis of the rules stated here is whether the company was insolvent when the debt was incurred by the company and regarding the knowledge of the two directors, along with the presence of reasonable grounds for suspecting the insolvency of the company along with the other different requirements of the quoted sections. The very first point which needs clarity is that the concept of separate legal entity makes the two companies, i.e., Wines and Vineyards two different companies and the position of two could not be combined to show that the Group was insolvent. So, based on Walker v Wimborne and Industrial Equity Ltd v Blackburn, the debts of all the companies in Reynolds group cannot be treated as the debts of Wines. Also, when one of the companies under the group has assets for payment of the debts of the other company in the group as they fall due the recourse does not result in the company getting insolvent. The assets of Wines and Vineyards are not to be taken as the assets of each other due to the separate legal entity concept. Though, it was clear from the facts of the case that the Group was insolvent particularly due to the tax related issues (Austlii, 2007). With regards to section 588G, the facts which were available before the directors made it very clear that they were aware or should have been aware that there were grounds for doubt of insolvency of the company. The defence cited by the directors under section 588H would fail as there were reasonable grounds to suspect insolvency in this case. This is because a director cannot cite that they expected the company to be solvent on the basis of the prospect that the company may trade in a profitable manner in the future where its financial position would be restored as the question is regarding the relevant time period to pay the debts when they become due and not for a future period of time. The difference here is of solvency and insolvency in the hindsight which is often difficult for the directors to fathom. Hence, the directors were guilty of insolvent trading (Redmond, 2013). This would lead to the claims being raised by the directors regarding them trading in an honest manner, and for the use of section 1317S and 1318 for protecting them from being prosecuted or from having to bear the civil liabilities (Allens, 2010). In this regard, one needs to clarify between the sureties regarding how quickly the cash could be turned to pay the owed debts. The honesty would depend upon the reasonable expectation of solvency, no reasonable expectation of solvency, needing more information, or more likely or not. On the basis of the facts of this case, the claims of the defendants would fail regarding their liability not being present owing to the honesty element towards the costs of the liquidator and the litigation funders costs. The knowledge of Poolman regarding the financial position of the group companies throughout this period would lead to the failure of these claims. And the same reason would apply to Irving also even when he acted honestly (Redmond, 2013). Conclusion On the basis of the applicability of the facts of the case to the rules, it becomes very clear that Poolman had clear knowledge that the group was going through a tough period and so, allowed the company to indulge in insolvent trading which breached section 588G of this act and the defence under 588H would not be available to Poolman owing to the clear knowledge of the position. Regarding Irwin, even though the elements of honestly were present, the defence under sections 1317S and 1318 would not stand. Due to the actions of Poolman, in this case, the court exonerated Poolman for the liabilities for the debts which were incurred by the company during such period of time when the company was the director of the company. And so, for the debts which were incurred by the company, Poolman was made liable (Austlii, 2007). This case also allows the liquidators to feel safe knowing that the defendant cannot use the threat of ASIC investigation at them (Gallant, 2014). The court also noted i n this case that there is a public benefit in pursuing the insolvent trading claims based on the insolvent trading being an offence under the act (Trickey, 2016). References Allens. (2010) Focus: Court Completely Forgives Director's Insolvent Trading Liability. [Online] Allens. Available from: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/insol/foinsolfeb10.htm [Accessed on: 22/09/17] Austlii. (2007) Hall and Ors v Poolman and Ors [2007] NSWSC 1330 (23 November 2007). [Online] Austlii. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2007/1330.html [Accessed on: 22/09/17] Austlii. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Austlii. Available from: https://www6.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/ definitions [Accessed on: 11/09/17] Baxt, R. (2007) Duties and Responsibilities of Directors and Officers. 19th ed. Sydney, NSW: The Australian Institute of Company Directors. BRI Ferrier. (2015) Exoneration of directors from insolvent trading liability. [Online] The BRI Ferrier. Available from: https://briferrier.com.au/news/exoneration-of-directors-from-insolvent-trading-liability [Accessed on: 22/09/17] Cassidy, J. (2006) Concise Corporations Law. 5th ed. NSW: The Federation Press. Federal Register of Legislation. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Federal Register of Legislation. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 11/09/17] Gallant, S. (2014) Supreme Court Puts Hall v Poolman Back In Its Box. [Online] ER Legal. Available from: https://www.eralegal.com.au/2014/08/15/supreme-court-puts-hall-v-poolman-back-box/ [Accessed on: 22/09/17] ICNL. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] ICNL. Available from: https://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/Australia/Corps2001Vol4WD02.pdf [Accessed on: 11/09/17] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Lewis, P.J. (2010) Company and Securities Law Journal. Company and Securities Law Journal, 28. Morrison, D. (2010) Recent developments. Insolvency Law Journal, 18. Paolini, A. (2014) Research Handbook on Directors Duties. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. Redmond, P. (2013) Corporations and Financial Markets Law. 6th ed. Sydney, NSW: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. References Armstrong Lawyers. (2007) Directors Duties. [Online] Armstrong Lawyers. Available from: https://www.vcta.asn.au/documents/item/400 [Accessed on: 11/09/17] Trickey, D. (2016) Hall v Poolman and the Impact on Liquidators Pursuing Insolvent Trading Claims. [Online] JHK Legal. Available from: https://www.jhklegal.com.au/hall-v-poolman-and-the-impact-on-liquidators-pursuing-insolvent-trading-claims/ [Accessed on: 22/09/17] WIPO. (2015) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] WIPO. Available from: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=370817 [Accessed on: 11/09/17] Wong, S. (2009) Forgiving a Directors Breach of Duty: A review of recent decisions. [Online] The University of Melbourne. Available from: https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1709772/58-stevenwong_essay_6_May_20091.pdf [Accessed on: 22/09/17]

Impact of social media in New Zealand

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Social Media in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction During the period of technological advancement, the impact of social media upon the society and its members cannot be denied. It helps people to come closer to its community despite of the physical distance. It also leaves positive impacts on education, business activities along with leaving negative impacts like cyber crime, cyber bullying etc. The impact of social media leaves both its positive and negative impact especially upon children. Moreover, it has impact upon different business organizations along with developing diverse career opportunities. This report includes both the positive and negative impact of social media on the society of New Zealand along with providing a background of its culture. Some recommendations are also suggested in order to improve the social welfare system of New Zealand. Culture of New Zealand The culture of New Zealand is basically very friendly and the old residents of this country like the Kiwis and Maoris basically believe in sharing. In this open and friendly atmosphere, food sharing seems to be an important gesture to develop friendship (Amedie, 2015). They like to indulge in the community lunch and dinner party. From the viewpoint of Basevi, Reid and Godbold (2014), they are very much helpful towards the tourists regarding the understanding of language, food etc. However, they generally do not reveal their personal information much in front of the outsiders. On the other hand, in the business organizations mainly stress importance upon the punctual and corporate dressing senses for both men and women (Cameron, Barrett Stewardson, 2016). Despite the cultural and language diversity, English is considered as the standard official language in New Zealand. There is no discriminating activity among the employees by the employers; even there is some legislation for protecting the employees from any discriminating activities (Davies et al., 2015). Trust seems to be an important factor at the work places in New Zealand because once it breaks mistakenly; it is regarded as broken forever. Positive impact of social media on the society of New Zealand As the general attitude of the people of New Zealand is free mixing with the people of the community and friends, the usage of social media has become a popular one in this country. With the help of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, the people of New Zealand increasingly involving in social gathering, making new friends, are getting closer to old and distanced relatives and friends etc (Ezema, Ezeah Ishiwu, 2015). Social media has left a positive impact upon the communication system of this country. Figure 1: Different social medias and the time spend there by people in New Zealand (Source: Abdulahi, Samadi Gharleghi, 2014) As per this figure, the most popular social media sites in New Zealand are Facebook, Blogger, Twitter, Tumbir etc. People spent maximum of their time at Facebook that enables them to come closure to their loved ones (Napoli, 2014). It also leaves positive impact upon the educational factor of this country. Different kinds of blogs prove to be beneficial for the students from which they are supposed to learn many things. In the schools, colleges and universities of New Zealand allow the assistance of social media in the education procedure in the classrooms (Ross, Fountaine Comrie, 2015). Facebook and Pinterest have learning collaboration with the educational institutes. More over social media paves the way for the students to invent new ideas and improve works. People in New Zealand aim to stress the importance of social medias like Facebook, Twitter etc as one of the main source of latest news feed (Shabir et al., 2014). Due to the involvement of readers viewpoints, people prefer to go through the social media accounts rather than going through newspaper sites. It also leaves impact upon politics by influencing people about the merits and demerits of any political party in this country (Stanfield Beddoe, 2013). From the promotional strategies and the social welfare activities of the political parties, the common people can get an overview and use the viewpoints at the time of casting their votes. The rightful and deserved candidates ensure the betterment and development of the society. Figure 2: Impact of social media on politics in New Zealand (Source: Al-Badi, 2014) Moreover, from the engagement of common people in the political post indicates towards the popularity of political parties. The recruitment procedure in these parties can be done though online voting. Some government policies of New Zealand have been circulated through social media accounts (Stojkov, Noy Sa?lam, 2016). By utilizing the popular social media sites, political parties often choose to communicate with people along with clarifying their different policies. By uploading YouTube videos, these parties try to leave positive impact upon people and influence their opinion about them. Social media also helps the business organizations of New Zealand as it provides the opportunity to build strong social network. With the help of these social media accounts, the organizations aim to communicate with their network in a regular basis (Stronge et al., 2015). It also helps to be competitive along with helping in meeting the corporate social responsibilities. By evaluating the feedbacks of consumers on social media, the organizations aim to develop their goals. Moreover, these sites also play an important role insofar as the marketing platform is concerned as people of New Zealand tend to collect information about products through social media rather than collecting them from the stores. For this purpose Facebook, Twitter seems to be most popular among the people of New Zealand. In addition, they also use these sites as a strong medium to approach people for recruitment purpose and updating new information about their organizations. Negative impact of social media on the society of New Zealand Despite the good impacts upon educational system, lifestyle, politics, business organizations etc, the social media sites also leave negative impact on the society of New Zealand. In the lifestyle of the people of New Zealand, the increasing involvement with social media causes detachment from their families and dear ones. People tend to spend more time on surfing social networking sites rather than spending quality time with their family and friends which help to reduce the stress level (Thompson et al., 2014). Moreover, the popularity of social networking sites makes people spend less time in sleeping which results in various health issues like Insomnia, heart blockage, high blood pressure, memory loss etc. Children in New Zealand spend most of their leisure time in surfing the social networking sites and do not indulge in extracurricular activities or playing games (Vinerean et al., 2013). As a result, it affects their study along with their health with the increasing rate of hear t diseases affected and obese children. In a survey, it is revealed that the New Zealanders spend around 64.25% less time in deep thinking since the massive popularity of social networking sites that indicates towards the unhealthy social activities. There are some instances in New Zealand where the mother of a child keeps herself busy in social site and the child hurts itself. It also proves to be harmful to the political parties which face some scandal previously. With the high promotional strategies of the social networking sites, the scandals get easily circulated among population which leaves negative impact at the time of voting. It also leaves negative impact upon the educational system because students often utilizes the social networking sites for making friends, indulging in fun activities, searching restricted links rather than gathering educational information (Zeitel-Bank Tat, 2014). It also affects their concentration on study and often causes memory loss. It is often observed that the children of New Zealand have become addicted to the massive popularity of social networking sites. Children also get psychologically affected by the sights of sex and violence, shared in the social networking sites. Being unaware of its negative aspects, people often shares their personal information of social media which cause online harassment or cyber bullying. In some adverse cases in New Zealand, it is evidenced that the teenage girls and boys become an easy victim of such cyber crimes which gives rise to juvenile crime incidents as well (Stanfield Beddoe, 2013). It also decreases the privacy in the lives of the people. People share their minute wise updates in social media which suggests the growing tendency of showoff. Moreover, despite the option of security lock of such social media accounts, the shared personal information can be hacked by an expert, that has become a growing threat to people (Stojkov, Noy Sa?lam, 2016). New Zealand has become one of the chief places for cyber crimes in the world. In addition, criminals tend to target innocent people in such social media through which they circulate their meaningful messages to their groups. People often posts gender abusive and other dirty opinion which seems to hurt people as well as community. Such posts are regarded as the negative aspects of social welfare. It also leaves negative impact on the business organizations by decreasing their sales and productivity because the employees tend to spend more time in such social media networks within their duty hours. For this reason, some of the business organizations of New Zealand have blocked social networking sites within their office premises to reject the reason of distraction of their employees. (Vinerean et al., 2013) Recommendations for improving social welfare in New Zealand Implementing health awareness campaign through social media Various types of health awareness posts help to increase the awareness among people. In order to improve the social welfare system in New Zealand, the bloggers and dietitians need to post more health and nutrition related posts so that they can make the people aware about the importance of healthy lifestyle and diet. It will also contribute in making the New Zealand people aware about the evil impact of Smoking and alcohol consumption. Providing more working opportunities through online The business organizations can post more recruitment advertisement on the social media sites can improve the employability situation in New Zealand. More working opportunity will enable the residents to make a better community in this country. New Zealand community can invest more in developing the social scenario in New Zealand. The increasing employability rate in New Zealand will cause improvement in the standard of life. Useful tweets on important social or medical events The event organizers of New Zealand can employ the medium of social media to circulate nay important news feed like any medical awareness campaign, educational campaign etc so that people can take active participations in these programs that contribute in improving the social welfare factors. Increasing awareness through innovative blogs on marketing strategies The business organizations of New Zealand can use these social media sites for promoting their products as well as services so that they can approach to a wide range of population. From the social media users arguments, the organizations can evaluate the effectiveness of their products in the current scenario of this country. They can also include the feedbacks of the customers in their products so that they can approach to more consumers in New Zealand. Making government newsfeeds easy accessible through social media for common people New Zealand government needs to share the newsfeeds in the social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter etc so that they can be circulated to a huge number of people in this country. By updating their latest policies and programs in the social sites, the government can effectively contribute in developing an advanced society in New Zealand. With the help of this kind of awareness strategies, the government can include more people for the successful implementation of their social welfare programs. Conclusion In this way, the impact of social media on the society of New Zealand is described elaborately by stressing importance upon the cultural background of this country. It indicates to the effectiveness of social media within this culture. 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